Utente:Ciampix/Sandbox
La lingua Esperanto ha un suo alfabeto braille. Una rivista braille in Esperanto, Esperanta Ligilo, che viene pubblicata dal 1904, ed un'altra, Aŭroro, dal 1920.
Alfabeto
[modifica | modifica wikitesto]L'alfabeto braille base è stato esteso per la stampa delle lettere con diacritici. L'accento circonflesso viene segnalato aggiungendo il punto 6 (in basso a destra) alla lettera base: Template:Braille cell ĉ, Template:Braille cell ĝ, Template:Braille cell ĥ, Template:Braille cell ĵ, Template:Braille cell ŝ. Therefore, the letter ĵ has the same form as the unused French/English Braille letter Template:Braille cell w; to write a w in a foreign name, dot 3 is added: Template:Braille cell w [1] (see next section). Esperanto ŭ is made by reflecting u, so that dot 1 becomes dot 4: Template:Braille cell ŭ. The alphabet is thus as follows.[2]
Il braille contratto è di uso limitato[3].
Trascrizione delle lettere straniere
[modifica | modifica wikitesto]A parte le lettere straniere base latine q, w, x, y, ci sono lettere dedicate per le vocali con umlaut che ricorrono nel tedesco scritto, ä, ö, ü:
| Template:Braille cell q |
Template:Braille cell w |
Template:Braille cell x |
Template:Braille cell y |
Template:Braille cell ä |
Template:Braille cell ö |
Template:Braille cell ü |
Additional accented letters in other languages are handled by separate braille cells for the diacritics. These do not have a one-to-one correspondence with print:
These conventions are used for foreign names adapted to Esperanto Braille. Unassimilated text in another braille alphabet is indicated by the code Template:Bc.
Punteggiatura
[modifica | modifica wikitesto]- Single punctuation
The apostrophe and abbreviation point are both transcribed Template:Bc, which is distinct from the period/stop, Template:Bc.
- Paired punctuation
| Template:Braille cell (outer quotes) |
Template:Braille cell (inner quotes) |
| Template:Braille cell ( ... ) |
Template:Braille cell [ ... ] |
Quotation marks in print Esperanto are highly variable, and tend to follow the conventions of the country a text is published in. This is irrelevant for printing in braille.
Numeri
[modifica | modifica wikitesto]The apostrophe/abbreviation point Template:Bc is used to group digits within numbers, like the comma in English. In both print and braille Esperanto, the comma is used as the decimal mark, so:
- print English 100,000.00
- = print Esperanto 100 000,00
- = braille Template:Bc.
Formattazione
[modifica | modifica wikitesto]Le maiuscole vengono usate solo per i nomi propri. Non vengono usate all'inizio delle frasi.
| Template:Braille cell (digit) |
Template:Braille cell (caps) |
Template:Braille cell (emph.) |
Template:Braille cell (span emphasis) | ||
| Template:Braille cell (alternative span emphasis) |
Template:Braille cell (foreign braille text) | ||||
For emphasis (bold or italics in print), a simple Template:Bc is used to mark each of one to three words. For longer emphatic text, there are two formats: Either a colon precedes the simple emphatic sign, Template:Bc, and an additional sign Template:Bc is placed before the last emphasized word, or the sign Template:Bc is placed before and after the emphasized text.
In contracted (grade 2) braille, a different sign is used for capital letters, Template:Bc (dot 6). As in most braille orthographies, proper names are not contracted, and words preceded by this sign are not contracted in Esperanto Braille.
Riferimenti
[modifica | modifica wikitesto]- ^ [1]
- ^ World Braille Usage, su pharmabraille.com, UNESCO, 2013. URL consultato il 14 giugno 2021 (archiviato dall'url originale l'8 settembre 2014).
- ^ Esperanta stenografio, Nizhny Novgorod, 2003