Capra sibirica
| Stambecco siberiano | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Stato di conservazione | |
 Rischio minimo[1] | |
| Classificazione scientifica | |
| Dominio | Eukaryota |
| Regno | Animalia |
| Sottoregno | Eumetazoa |
| Superphylum | Deuterostomia |
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Subphylum | Vertebrata |
| Infraphylum | Gnathostomata |
| Superclasse | Tetrapoda |
| Classe | Mammalia |
| Sottoclasse | Theria |
| Infraclasse | Eutheria |
| Superordine | Laurasiatheria |
| (clade) | Ungulata |
| Ordine | Artiodactyla |
| Sottordine | Ruminantia |
| Infraordine | Pecora |
| Famiglia | Bovidae |
| Sottofamiglia | Caprinae |
| Genere | Capra |
| Specie | C. sibirica |
| Nomenclatura binomiale | |
| Capra sibirica (Pallas, 1776) | |
| Sinonimi | |
|
Capra sibrica | |
| Areale | |
 | |
Lo stambecco siberiano (Capra sibirica (Pallas, 1776)) è una specie di stambecco diffusa in Asia centrale e settentrionale.[2]
Fino a non molto tempo fa, veniva considerata una sottospecie dello stambecco alpino (Capra ibex), ma studi recenti hanno fatto emergere differenze tali da elevare questi animali (così come lo stambecco nubiano (Capra nubiana) al rango di specie a sé stante.[1]
Descrizione
[modifica | modifica wikitesto]Le dimensioni ed il peso variano anche di molto non solo a seconda del sesso, ma anche da individuo a individuo; l'altezza oscilla fra i 65 ed i 110 cm, mentre il peso va dai 30 ai 130 kg.
Il colore del pelo è marrone chiaro, che con l'età, specialmente nei maschi, tende a scurirsi sempre più e ad incanutirsi.
Sia la "barbetta" che le corna sono presenti in entrambi i sessi; tuttavia, nei maschi le corna crescono fino ad oltre 130 cm, mentre nelle femmine di norma non oltrepassano i 20 cm e sono solo poco incurvate.
Biologia
[modifica | modifica wikitesto]Comportamento
[modifica | modifica wikitesto]Questi animali tendono a vivere ad alte quote, spesso ai limiti della linea di vegetazione; tuttavia, in inverno scendono a quote più basse alla ricerca di cibo; se necessario, scavano la neve ed il ghiaccio per scovare eventuali muschi o licheni nascosti dal manto nevoso. Nonostante l'habitat impervio che colonizzano, devono stare costantemente in guardia dai predatori, quali lupi, orsi e leopardi delle nevi.
Riproduzione
[modifica | modifica wikitesto]I maschi tendono a raccogliere harem attorno a sé; la grandezza dell'harem è direttamente proporzionale alla forza ed all'aggressività del maschio dominante. Le femmine hanno una gestazione di 5/6 mesi, al termine dei quali mettono al mondo un unico cucciolo (a volte anche due o tre), che diviene sessualmente maturo attorno ai 2 anni d'età. L'aspettativa di vita di questi animali è di oltre 16 anni.
Distribuzione e habitat
[modifica | modifica wikitesto]È diffuso in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Kazakistan, Kirghizistan, Cina, India, Mongolia e Russia, dove predilige gli habitat prativi a quote piuttosto elevate.
Note
[modifica | modifica wikitesto]- ^ a b (EN) Foster G., 2008, Capra sibirica, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020.
- ^ (EN) D.E. Wilson e D.M. Reeder, Capra sibirica, in Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3ª ed., Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
Bibliografia
[modifica | modifica wikitesto]- Abudoukadi'er, A. 2006. Taxonomy and Distribution of Xinjiang Mammals [In Chinese]. Science Press, Beijing, China.
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- Anonymous. 1986. Detail survey report of Wildlife Division Chitral for the year 1985-86. Mimeographed report.
- Arshad, M., Garson, P. J. and Ahmad, A. 2002. Sustainable trophy hunting and the conservation of alpine ungulates in Pakistan. Pirineos 157: 151-168.
- Bagchi, S., Mishra, C. and Bhatnagar, Y. V. 2004. Conflicts between traditional pastoralism and conservation of Himalayan ibex (Capra sibirica) in the Trans-Himalayan mountains. Animal Conservation 7(2): 121-128.
- Bannikov, A. G. 1954. Mammals of the Mongolian People's Republic. Nauka, Moscow, Russia.
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- Grubb, P. 2005. Artiodactyla. In: D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder (eds), Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed), pp. 637–722. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, USA.
- Hess, R. 1990. Siberian ibex (Capra ibex sibirica). In: S. P. Parker (ed.), Grzimek's Encyclopedia of Mammals, pp. 527–528. McGraw-Hill, New York, USA.
- Johnson, K. A. 1997. Trophy hunting as a conservation tool for Caprinae in Pakistan. In: C. H. Freese (ed.), Harvesting wild species: implications for biodiversity conservation, pp. 393–423. The Johns Hopkins University Press.
- Mallon, D. P. 1985. Wild sheep in Mongolia. In: M. Hoefs (ed.), Wild Sheep: distribution, abundance, management and conservation of sheep of the world and closely related mountain ungulates, pp. 179–187. Northern Wild Sheep & Goat Council, Whitehorse, Yukon, Canada.
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- Ministry of Nature and Environment. 1996. Biodiversity Conservation Action Plan for Mongolia. Ministry of Nature and Environment, Ulaanbaatar.
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- NWFP. 1992. Distribution and status of wildlife in NWFP. Wildlife Wing, NWFP Forest Department Publication, Peshawar.
- Pandey, S. 1993. Estimation of density of ibex Capra ibex Linn, in Pin Valley National Park, Himachal Pradesh. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 89: 361-363.
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- Reading, R. P., Amgalanbaatar, S. and Lhagvasuren, L. 1999. Biological assessment of Three Beauties of the Gobi National Conservation Park, Mongolia. Biodiversity and Conservation 8(8): 1115-1137.
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- Reading, R. P., Amgalanbaatar, S., Batbold, J. and Boldgev, B. 1995. Biological assessment of Three Beauties of the Gobi National Conservation Park, with recommendations for Special Zone (core area) locations, tourist routes, and park management. German Technical Advisory Group (GTZ), Germany, and the Ministry for Nature and the Environment, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
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Altri progetti
[modifica | modifica wikitesto]
Wikimedia Commons contiene immagini o altri file su Capra sibirica
Wikispecies contiene informazioni su Capra sibirica
Collegamenti esterni
[modifica | modifica wikitesto]- (EN) Siberian ibex, su Enciclopedia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
- (EN) Capra sibirica, su Fossilworks.org.
| Controllo di autorità | GND (DE) 7657079-4 · J9U (EN, HE) 987007537650805171 |
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