Lacesa
[modifica | modifica wikitesto]Lacesa, abbreviazione di Latterie Centro Sardegna, è un caseificio cooperativo sardo fondato nel 1907.
Da Bortigali:
Il 25 agosto 1907 fu costituita a Bortigali, grazie anche all'impulso dato dal medico condotto Pietro Solinas[21], la “Latteria Sociale Cooperativa”, primo e per molti anni unico esempio di cooperazione nel settore caseario in Sardegna. Nacque per l'esigenza degli allevatori locali di opporsi all'egemonia degli industriali del continente che da qualche anno avevano impiantato a Macomer i primi caseifici per la produzione del Pecorino Romano, oltre che per il normale desiderio economico di produrre, competere, e far conoscere i propri prodotti, in un periodo di espansione e di generale dinamismo dell'agricoltura sarda[22]. Per molti anni si distinse tra le altre cooperative sarde, anche di altri settori, per il giro d'affari e le capacità organizzative. Ancora oggi, con la denominazione di La.Ce.Sa. (Latteria Centro Sardegna) è una delle realtà più importanti e note del settore. Vi si producono (oltre al Pecorino Romano destinato all'esportazione) alcuni formaggi tipici e rinomati, quali il caciocavallo o casizolu, il provolone, sa fresa ‘e attunzu (un vaccino a pasta molle che si sta attualmente cercando di promuovere anche con un'apposita sagra organizzata dalla Pro Loco).
Lista di regimi totalitari supportati dagli Stati Uniti d'America
[modifica | modifica wikitesto]Intro
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Dalla fine del 1800 in poi, il governo degli Stati Uniti d'America ha supportato numerosi regimi totalitari di stampo anti-socialista, anti-comunista e anti-islamista. Il supporto, che perdura ai giorni nostri, consiste principalmente in aiuti finanziari, educazione, armi, addestramento militare e supporto tecnico ed è in aperto contrasto con gli ideali democratici espressi nella Costituzione degli Stati Uniti d'America.
Prima della rivoluzione russa, il supporto alle dittature era spesso motivato da interessi economici, e principalmente dall'apertura di nuovi mercati per le aziende statunitensi. Dopo l'ascesa del comunismo, la motivazione ha preso un carattere più prettamente politico, e il supporto si è concentrato su quei regimi che i vari governi statunitensi ritenevano più utili a combattere l'avanzata di ideali comunisti, socialisti e social-democratici, specialmente in America Latina.[1][2] L'assistenza alle dittature di destra continuò nonostante la contraddizione con gli ideali di democrazia sposati dagli USA durante la Guerra fredda.[3] Allo stesso tempo, era comunque presente una componente econmica per salvguardare gli interessi dele aziende statunitensi che operavano all'estero, come la United Fruit Company e la Standard Oil, specialmente quando questi interessi venivano minacciati da governi democratici.[4][3] Nel corso del tempo, il supporto alle dittature è stato inquadrato e giustificato secondo varie ideologie, quali la dottrina Truman, la dottrina Kirkpatrick e la Guerra contro la droga.[4]
Dal 1980 in poi, il governo statunitense ha iniziato a temere che i propri interessi sarebbero stati minacciati dai movimenti islamisti che stavano allora montando consensi in Medio Oriente. Ha perciò iniziato una campagna per assicurarsi la cooperazione delle dittature della regione e, al contempo, per indebolire o rimuovere le dittature che non cooperavano.[5]
In anni più recenti, molti commentatori e analisti hanno espresso supporto per questo tipo di politiche, e alcuni hanno sostenuto che la stabilità regionale sia più importante della democrazia.[6][7] Gli Stati Uniti d'America continuano a supportare alcune dittature, sebbene la pressione dell'opinione pubblica stia spingendo l'amministrazione statunitense a prediligere regimi più consensuali rispetto alle dittature più efferate.[8]
Dittature supportate al giorno d'oggi
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Authoritarian regimes supported in the past
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See also
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- "Dictatorships and Double Standards"
- Foreign policy of the United States
- History of the Central Intelligence Agency
- List of authoritarian regimes supported by the Soviet Union
- Operation Condor
- Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation (formerly called the School of the Americas)
- School of the Americas Watch, advocacy group critical of the above
- United States and state-sponsored terrorism
- United States and state terrorism
References
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- ^ a b Dictatorships, in Encyclopedia of American Foreign Policy, Volume 1, Simon & Schuster, 2001, p. 499, ISBN 9780684806570.
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- ^ Etzioni, Amitai, Security first: for a muscular, moral foreign policy, Yale University Press, 2007, p. 50, ISBN 9780300108576.
- ^ Beyer, Cornelia, Violent globalisms: conflict in response to empire, Ashgate Publishing, 2008, p. 62, ISBN 9780754672050.
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- ^ A History of Latin America from the Beginnings to the Present, Knopf, 1961, p. 339. URL consultato il 10 August 2014.
- ^ Gilbert M. Joseph, Latin America's Long Cold War: A Century of Revolutionary Processes and U.S. Power, in A Century of Revolution: Insurgent & Counterinsurgent violence during Latin America's long cold war, Durham & London, Duke University Press, 2010, pp. 403–404, ISBN 978-0-8223-4737-8.
- ^ Schmitz, David F., Thank God they're on our side: the United States and right-wing dictatorships, 1921-1965, University of North Carolina Press, 1999, ISBN 978-0807847732.
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- ^ a b Cindy Forster, The Time of "Freedom": San Marcos Coffee Workers and the Radicalization of the Guatemalan National Revolution, 1944-1954, in Radical History Review, vol. 58, 1994, pp. 35–78, DOI:10.1215/01636545-1994-58-35.
- ^ http://www.nytimes.com/1974/02/19/archives/gen-manuel-odria-77-dies-president-of-peru-in-194856-headed-army.html?_r=0
- ^ Michelle Chase, The Trials, a cura di Grandin, Greg, Duke University Press, 2010, pp. 164–198.
- ^ Thomas M. Leonard (ed). Encyclopedia of the Developing World, Volume 3. p. 1572.
- ^ Memorandum for the Executive Secretary, CIA Management Committee. Subject: Potentially Embarrassing Agency Activities, George Washington University National Security Archives Electronic Briefing Book No. 222, "The CIA's Family Jewels", 8 May 1973.
- ^ Carlota MCallister, A Headlong Rush Into the Future, a cura di Grandin, Greg, Duke University Press, 2010, pp. 276–309.
- ^ Ríos Montt Genocide Verdict Annulled, But Activists Ensure US-Backed Crimes Will Never Be Forgotten. Democracy Now! May 23, 2013.
- ^ Allan Cooper, The Geography of Genocide, University Press of America, 2008, p. 171.
- ^ Phil Gunson, General Oswaldo López Arellano obituary, su theguardian.com, 10 June 2010.
- ^ THE WIDER WAR: Honduras, su nacla.org.
- ^ Neil Larsen, Thoughts on Violence and Modernity, in A Century of Revolution: Insurgent & Counterinsurgent violence during Latin America's long cold war, Durham & London, Duke University Press, 2010, pp. 381, 391, ISBN 978-0-8223-4737-8.
- ^ Hugo Banzer. The Guardian. 5 May 2002.
- ^ REAGAN RIGHTS POLICY CALLED WEAK IN 4 LATIN NATIONS, in The New York Times, 17 April 1983.
- ^ To Save Dan Mitrione Nixon Administration Urged Death Threats for Uruguayan Prisoners, su nsarchive.gwu.edu.
- ^ Marguerite Feitlowitz, A Lexicon of Terror, New York, Oxford University Press, 1998.
- ^ Duncan Campbell (December 5, 2003). Kissinger approved Argentinian 'dirty war'. The Guardian. Retrieved October 12, 2016.
- ^ Laurence Whitehead (ed). The International Dimensions of Democratization : Europe and the Americas. p. 148
- ^ Jeffrey Gould, On the Road to "El Porvenir", a cura di Grandin, Greg, Duke University Press, 2010, pp. 87–120.
- ^ a b Nicholls, David. "Haiti since 1930", in Leslie Bethell, Ed., The Cambridge History of Latin America. 1st ed. Vol. 7. Cambridge: 1990. 545-578.
- ^ a b R.M. Koster and Guillermo Sánchez, In the Time of Tyrants, Panama: 1968-1990. (NY and London: W.W. Norton and Company, 1990), Ch. 4.
- ^ Diana Jean Schemo (16 August 2006). Stroessner, Paraguay’s Enduring Dictator, Dies. The New York Times. Retrieved 3 July 2014.
- ^ Walter L. Hixson (2009). The Myth of American Diplomacy: National Identity and U.S. Foreign Policy. Yale University Press. p. 223. ISBN 0300151314
- ^ Peter Winn, Furies of the Andes, a cura di Grandin, Greg, Duke University Press, 2010, pp. 239–272.
- ^ Peter Kornbluh (September 11, 2013). The Pinochet File: A Declassified Dossier on Atrocity and Accountability. The New Press. ISBN 1595589120 p. xviii
- ^ USAID Supported Fujimori Sterilization Campaign; Seeks to Cover-Up Involvement - PRI, su pop.org.
- ^ Thomas M. Leonard (ed). Encyclopedia of the Developing World, Volume 3. p. 1365
- ^ Pyŏng-guk Kim, Ezra F. Vogel (eds). The Park Chung Hee Era. p. 552
- ^ BBC UK, Flashback: The Kwangju massacre, BBC. URL consultato il 22 April 2014P.
- ^ John Prados, JFK and the Diem Coup, su www2.gwu.edu, George Washington University. URL consultato il 13 December 2013.
- ^ David P. Chandler, A history of Cambodia, Westview Press; Allen & Unwin, Boulder, Sydney, 1992
- ^ John McLeod. The History of India.p. 152
- ^ Gary J. Bass, The Blood Telegram: Nixon, Kissinger, and a Forgotten Genocide, New York, NY, Knopf, 2013, ISBN 978-0-307-70020-9.
- ^ Looking Away from Genocide. The New Yorker. November 19, 2013.
- ^ Henry Precht, Ayatollah Realpolitik, in Foreign Policy, n. 70, 1988, pp. 109–128.
- ^ CIA Admits To Iran 1953 Coup, But Revelations Unlikely To Thaw US-Tehran Relations. International Business Times. August 19, 2013.
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- ^ Steve Coll, Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and Bin Laden, from the Soviet Invasion to September 10, 2001, Penguin Press, 2004, pp. 695 pages, ISBN 1-59420-007-6.
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- ^ David L. Raby, Fascism and Resistance in Portugal: Communists, Liberals and Military Dissidents in the Opposition to Salazar, 1941–1974, 1988, p. 166.
- ^ The Soviet Union received substantial support from the U.S.after Nazi Germany invaded in Operation Barbarossa in 1941 to the end of the war in 1943, per the version of the Teknopedia articles accessed 2015-04-18 (and many other sources).
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- ^ Clinton concedes regret for U.S. support of Greek junta. The Topeka Capital-Journal. November 21, 1999.
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Further reading
[modifica | modifica wikitesto]- Blitz, Amy, "Salvaging" Democracy: The Impact of Authoritarian Rule, 1972-1983, in The contested state: American foreign policy and regime change in the Philippines, Rowman & Littlefield, 2000, ISBN 9780847699346.
- Canterbury, Dennis C., Neoliberal democratization and new authoritarianism, Ashgate Publishing, 2005, ISBN 9780754643470.
- Carpenter, Ted Galen, The United States and Third World Dictatorships: A Case for Benign Detachment, vol. 58, August 15, 1985.
- State Violence and Genocide in Latin America: The Cold War Years (Critical Terrorism Studies), Routledge, 2011, ISBN 0415664578.
- Green, W. John, A History of Political Murder in Latin America: Killing the Messengers of Change, SUNY Press, 2015, ISBN 1438456638.
- Jones, Howard, Crucible of power: A history of American foreign relations from 1945, Rowman & Littlefield, 2009, ISBN 9780742564541.
- Kofas, Jon V., Under the eagle's claw: exceptionalism in postwar U.S.-Greek relations, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2003, ISBN 9780275976231.
- Lauth, Hans-Joachim. "Authoritarian Regimes" (2012). University Bielefeld - Center for InterAmerican Studies.
- Robinson, William I., Promoting polyarchy: globalization, US intervention, and hegemony, Cambridge University Press, 1996, p. 113, ISBN 9780521566919.
- Schmitz, David F., Thank God they're on our side: the United States and right-wing dictatorships, 1921-1965, University of North Carolina Press, 1999, ISBN 978-0807847732.
- Jeffrey A., editor Sluka, Death Squad: The Anthropology of State Terror, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999, ISBN 978-0-8122-1711-7.
- Thomas C. Wright, State Terrorism in Latin America: Chile, Argentina, and International Human Rights, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., February 28, 2007, ISBN 978-0742537217.