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Maritcha Remond Lyons (New York, 23 giugno 1848 – Brooklyn, 28 gennaio 1929) è stata una docente, oratrice, attivista, leader nel sociale e suffragetta statunitense di New York e Brooklyn. Insegnò nelle scuole pubbliche di Brooklyn per 48 anni e fu la seconda donna nera a prestare servizio nel loro sistema come assistente del preside.^[1][2] Nel 1892 co-fondò la Women's Loyal Union of New York and Brooklyn, una delle prime organizzazioni per i diritti delle donne e la giustizia razziale negli Stati Uniti.^[3] Uno dei risultati della Women's Loyal Union fu quello di contribuire a finanziare la stampa di un importante pamphlet contro il linciaggio, il Southern Horrors: Lynch Laws in All Its Phases di Ida B. Wells^[4].

Lyons was born at 144 Centre Street in New York City, the third of five children of Albro Lyons Sr. and Mary Joseph Lyons (née Marshall).^[5] Her father was a graduate of the first African Free School in Manhattan, New York. The Lyons family lived in New York City's free black community and were active members of the Free African Church of St. Philip in Five Points.^[6] Lyons' parents operated a seamen's home and seamen's outfitting store that served also as a cover for the family's Underground Railroad activities. Though she was very ill as a child, Maritcha was eager to acquire an education. She wrote of herself that she developed a "love of study for study’s sake."^[7] Lyons attended Manhattan's Colored School No. 6, under the direction of Charles Reason, a former educator at Philadelphia's Institute for Colored Youth.^[8][9]

The Lyons' home on Vandewater Street was attacked several times during the disordini di New York of July 1863. Lyons was a teenager at the time.^[10] She fled with her family to Salem, Massachusetts, for a short time before returning to Brooklyn. Because of the ongoing danger, her parents sent the children to Providence, Rhode Island.

In 1865, Lyons was refused entry to the high school in Providence because she was African-American. The state had no high school for black children.^[10] The family successfully sued the state of Rhode Island in a campaign to bring an end to segregated schools. At the age of 16, she testified before the state legislature, "plead[ing] for the opening of the door of opportunity".^[11] Lyons later became the first African-American student to graduate from Providence High School.^[10]

After graduating from high school, Lyons returned to New York^[12][13][14] to accept a teaching position at Brooklyn's Colored School No. 1, the first African Free School in the Fort Greene neighborhood of Brooklyn. Colored School No. 1 was Brooklyn's first school for African Americans, opened at the current site of the Walt Whitman Houses, one of the largest housing projects in New York City.^[15] Lyons' teaching career spanned nearly 50 years. She devoted herself to elementary education and by the end of her career she was the assistant principal of Public School No. 83, the first fully integrated school in Brooklyn.^[16]

Lyons was a well-known lecturer and speaker. She once won a debate against Ida B. Wells at the Brooklyn Literary Union and Wells credits Lyons with teaching her how to become a better public speaker.^[17]

On October 5, 1892, Lyons and educator and activist Victoria Earle Matthews organized a testimonial dinner in New York’s Lyric Hall for Ida B. Wells and her anti-lynching campaign. They continued to work on this issue, founding the Women’s Loyal Union of New York and Brooklyn in February 1892.^[18]

Lyons fought for voting rights for women as a member of the Colored Women's Equal Suffrage League of Brooklyn.^[19]

Lyons' memoir and photographs of herself and her family are included in the Harry A. Williamson Papers at the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture^[20] of the New York Public Library.^[21] Her memoir was never published, but includes a breathtaking account of the sacking and burning of her family's home by a mob during the New York City Draft Riots of 1863. These riots were so destructive of black neighborhoods in Manhattan that many African Americans left the city permanently, some moving to Brooklyn for safety. It also describes how Lyons wrote about her family's involvement in assisting escaping slaves as part of the Underground Railroad in her memoir, Memories of Yesterdays: All of Which I Saw and Part of Which I Was (1928).

A young adult book was written about Lyons, Maritcha: A Remarkable Nineteenth-Century Girl, based on her memoir and writing.^[10]

In addition to her memoir, Lyons contributed eight biographical sketches to Hallie Quinn Brown's Homespun Heroines and Other Women of Distinction (1926),^[21] which include sketches of Sarah H. Fayerweather (1802–1868) and Agnes J. Adams (1885–1923).^[22]

La Lyons ha vissuto a Brooklyn, con il fratello e la sua famiglia, fino alla morte.^[13][14][23]

Tra i membri della famiglia si annoverano:
Si noti che la maiuscola dei cognomi è tipicamente utilizzata negli alberi genealogici.

George LYONS Sr.

• Albro LYONS Sr. Sposato con Mary Joseph MARSHALL.
  • Maritcha Remond LYONS. Nata: 23 maggio 1848, New York. Morta: 2 gennaio 1929, Brooklyn
  • Albro LYONS Jr.
  • Mary Elizabeth "Pauline" LYONS. Sposata con William Edward WILLIAMSON.
    • Henry "Harry" Albro WILLIAMSON. Nato: 25 ottobre 1875, a Plainfield. Sposato: 1901. Sposato con Laura Julia MOULTON. Divorziato. Sposato: 1920.
    • Sposato con Blanche C. ATKINS (Morta: 1960). Morto: 3 gennaio 1965.

• La Lyons Community School nel quartiere Bedford-Stuyvesant di Brooklyn, New York, è stata intitolata alla Lyons.^[7] Anche il parco di Maritcha R. Lyons, nel quartiere di DUMBO, è stato intitolato a lei.^[24]

• (EN) Bolden, Tonya, Maritcha: A Remarkable Nineteenth-Century Girl, New York, Harry N. Abrams, 2004, ISBN 978-0-810-95045-0, OCLC 163592738.
• (EN) Williamson, Harry A., Henry Albro Williamson Collection, New York, New York Public Library, Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, 1970, OCLC 437118355.
  • (EN) Henry Albro Williamson Collection Finding Aid (PDF), su archives.nypl.org.
    
    «Include il libro di memorie inedite della Lyons: Memories of Yesterdays: All of Which I Saw and Part of Which I Was, 1928»
• (EN) "Sarah H. Fayerweather", "Agnes J. Adams", ed altri 6, Lyons, Maritcha R., in Homespun Heroines and Other Women of Distinction, Chapel Hill, Academic Affairs Library, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2000, ISBN 978-0-195-05237-4, OCLC 45351693.

• Dodson, Howard, Christopher Paul Moore, and Roberta Yancy. The Black New Yorkers: The Schomburg Illustrated Chronology. New York: John Wiley, 2000, p. 117. ISBN 978-0-471-29714-7, OCLC 39615641
• Mather, Frank Lincoln. Who's Who of the Colored Race: A General Biographical Dictionary of Men and Women of African Descent, Vol. 1. Detroit: Gale Research Co, 1976, p. 182. ISBN 978-0-810-34247-7, OCLC 2780796
• Peterson, Carla L. Black Gotham: A Family History of African Americans in Nineteenth Century New York City. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2011, p. 349. ISBN 978-0-300-16255-4, OCLC 711865478
• Smith, Jessie Carney, ed. "Maritcha R. Lyons". Notable Black American Women Book II Book II. Detroit: Gale Research, 1996, pp. 417–420. ISBN 978-0-810-39177-2, OCLC 33839389
• Whitehead, K. Wise. "Lyons, Maritcha R." Gates, Henry Louis, and Evelyn Brooks Higginbotham. The African American National Biography. Vol. 5. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008, pp. 426–427. ISBN 978-0-195-30173-1, OCLC 679300106 e 5163773815

• (EN) Documenti di Harry A. Williamson, 1831–1965, su Item Details | Research Catalog | NYPL. URL consultato il 13 ottobre 2024. Ospitato su Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture della New York Public Library.

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