This portrait dating from the 1720s is a version of one in the State Museum of Foreign Art of Latvia at Riga, convincingly there identified as Charlotte Aglaé d'Orléans, Mademoiselle de Valois and Duchess of Modena (1700-1761). Charlotte Aglaé was the third daughter of Philippe, Duke of Orléans, Regent of Ftance and Marie Françoise de Bourbon. In 1720 she married Hereditary Prince Francesco d'Este, the future Francesco III, Duke of Modena, with whom she had ten children. She appears slightly younger as ‘Hebe’ in a portrait of similar design in the Palace of Versailles dated c. 1720.

The Royal Collection version was first listed at St James’s Palace in 1819 where it is described as ‘Duchess of Bourbon’ with an annotation in pencil in a later hand ‘Mlle de Clarmont’. At Hampton Court in 1861 (Queen’s Guard Chamber no 984) this latter identification is repeated. Marie Anne de Bourbon, called Mademoiselle de Clermont (1697-1741), was the fifth child of Louis, Prince of Condé; in 1719 she secretly married Louis, Duke of Joyeuse, who was killed in 1724 in an hunting accident. This tragic romance provided the subject of Madame de Genlis’s Mademoiselle de Clermont of 1802. This later fame might have encouraged the traditional identification, which though reasonable in era is unsupported by any other evidence.