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[modifica wikitesto]Nella voce era presente un testo in inglese che non è presente nella voce corrispondente inglese, e che, IMO, non è da inserire in questa voce, ma in un altra; ho inserito una parte in ad esempio parte in principio di equivalenza, ricopio il resto qui sotto. --Omino di carta (msg) 20:48, 7 feb 2009 (CET)
Loaded Eötvös balance rotor hanging (top) from a tungsten filament 1/4 the diameter of a human hair. All surfaces are gold plated to dissipate static electricity.
Eötvös experiments are rational inquiries. Noether's theorem: For each continuous symmetry in physics there must be a conserved observable, and vice-versa. A list of symmetries (easy) is then a list of fundamental properties (otherwise difficult to identify) to be tested.
Internal symmetries' observables transform fields amongst themselves leaving physical states (translation, rotation) invariant. Internal symmetries' observables are default null results in any Eötvös experiment.
Parity is unique for being absolutely discontinuous, a mirror reflection along each axis. Parity is not a Noetherian symmetry. Covariance with respect to reflection in space and time is not required by the Poincaré group of Special Relativity or the Einstein group of General Relativity. Parity Eötvös experiment net output may be observed without contradicting orthodox theory or prior observations in any venue at any scale.
Class | Invariance | Conserved quantity |
Proper orthochronous Lorentz symmetry |
translation in time (homogeneity) |
energy |
translation in space (homogeneity) |
linear momentum | |
rotation in space (isotropy) |
angular momentum | |
Discrete symmetry | P, coordinates' inversion | spatial parity |
C, charge conjugation | charge parity | |
T, time reversal | time parity | |
CPT | product of parities | |
Internal symmetry (independent of spacetime coordinates) |
U(1) gauge transformation | electric charge |
U(1) gauge transformation | lepton generation number | |
U(1) gauge transformation | hypercharge | |
U(1)Y gauge transformation | weak hypercharge | |
U(2) [U(1)xSU(2)] | electroweak force | |
SU(2) gauge transformation | isospin | |
SU(2)L gauge transformation | weak isospin | |
PxSU(2) | G-parity | |
SU(3) "winding number" | baryon number | |
SU(3) gauge transformation | quark color | |
SU(3) (approximate) | quark flavor | |
S((U2)xU(3)) [U(1)xSU(2)xSU(3)] |
Standard Model |
Beryllium-magnesium and beryllium-titanium test mass contrasts respectively give 0.1919% and 0.2398% difference/average nuclear binding energies. Beryllium-magnesium gives 0.2397% difference/average baryon number divergence. These are among the largest net active mass composition Eötvös experiments possible. 420+ years of Equivalence Principle tests have given zero net output within experimental error. The largest possible amplitude Eötvös experiment is a parity Eötvös experiment - challenging spacetime geometry with test mass geometry.
Test Masses' Divergent Property | Fraction of Rest Mass |
rest mass | 100%
|
crystal lattice geometric parity |
99.9726%a alpha-Quartz 99.9771%a Cinnabar |
nuclear binding energy (low Z) | 00.76% (4He) |
neutron versus proton mass | 00.14% |
electrostatic nuclear repulsion | 00.06% |
electron mass | 00.03% |
unpaired spin mass | 00.005% (55Mnb) |
nuclear antiparticle exchange | 00.00001% |
Weak Force interactions | 00.0000001% |
Gravitational binding energy, Nordtvedt effect and lunar laser ranging |
00.000000046% Earthc 00.0000000019% Moon |
a(nuclear mass)/(atomic mass), corrected for isotopic abundance
bglobally aligned undecatiplet
ciron core rather than homogeneous body
Chemically identical, opposite parity mass distributions have never been tested in an Eötvös experiment. Do metaphoric left and right shoes vacuum free fall along identical trajectories? A parity Eötvös experiment opposes crystallographic opposite parity space groups P3121 (right-handed screw axes) and P2221 (left-handed screw axes) cultured alpha-quartz (average atomic weight = 20.03) or cinnabar (average atomic weight = 116.33) solid single crystal spheres or other solid convex shapes with all identical moments of inertia (no directional bias).
General relativity (postulated) and string theory (BRST invariance demanded) require parity Eötvös experiment zero net output. Affine (Einstein-Cartan theory), teleparallelism (Weitzenböck), and noncommutative (Connes) gravitation theories predict measurable parity Eötvös experiment output. If the vacuum is reproducibly demonstrated to contain a chiral anisotropic background then angular momentum need not be conserved for opposite parity mass distributions (Noether's theorem). Lorentz invariance would be broken.
Note
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Saluti.—InternetArchiveBot (Segnala un errore) 22:52, 30 nov 2017 (CET)